Once
Upon A Time In The West/狂沙十萬里
Sergio Leone以鏢客電影掀起Spaghetti Westerns的風潮後,在1969年推出近三個小時的西部長篇鉅作<狂沙十萬里>,這並不是Sergio
Leone最後一部西部電影,不過其故事與風格卻道出了Sergio Leone已經有意告別這種電影類型,當年這部片子在美國推出時,因長度太長而被美國片商大幅修剪,導致原貌殘缺不全,劇情曖昧不清,在口碑和票房上都大受影響,但在歐洲順利以完整版上映後,隨即驚艷歐洲影人,也讓本片在日後贏得其應有的評價,今日<狂沙十萬里>已被視作Spaghetti
Westerns藝術成就最高的代表作.
相較於戰鬥氣焰張狂迫人,又散發著黑色幽默的鏢客三部曲,<狂沙十萬里>顯得較為蒼涼感傷,而在旋律美感和音樂語言的運作上再上層樓,Ennio
Morricone再次憑著過人的創造力,開拓新的Spaghetti Westerns配樂視野,當中的音樂元素承襲若干鏢客電影音樂的神韻(如營造緊張氣氛的The
Transgression),同時又為其80年代的著名黑幫電影音樂<四海兄弟-Once Upon A Time In America>開啟先聲.很有趣的是,這部配樂就和<四海兄弟>一樣,是在電影拍攝期間,甚至是電影開拍之前產生的.
Ennio Morricone與Sergio Leone不僅是一對極有默契的影音搭檔,同時也是一對很有緣份的伙伴,兩人合作的開端<荒野大鏢客>,原先並不意屬Morricone出任配樂,而是後來因故走馬換將才由Morricone接手,當Morricone一見到Leone時,立時興奮的說:原來是你,我真不敢相信你不記得我了..Leone一頭霧水,心想自己何時結識了這麼一位音樂家卻不自知,Morricone告訴Leone:咱們是小學同學呀,你居然不記得了!!Leone半信半疑,心想這大概是說笑的吧,於是Morricone找出當年的照片,原來Leone與Morricone果真是昔日同窗,在照片上還是比鄰而坐,就像是兩人日後註定要相遇合作一般!Sergio
Leone與Ennio Morricone不僅合作默契絕佳,合作的方式也異於一般導演與配樂家的組合,通常導演會在電影完工後才找電影音樂家加以潤飾,不過Sergio
Leone反而時常根據Ennio Morricone寫的音樂來拍電影,Leone通常會在拍電影前和Morricone妥善溝通,並請Morricone憑直覺和對故事,角色的了解先寫幾個音樂主題,Leone再由這些音樂主題中挑選出合適,對味的作品,然後根據這些音樂來全詮釋電影,早在<地獄三鏢客>時這種合作模式就已經建立,而<狂沙十萬里>與<四海兄弟>更激盪出動人的影音效果,這種導演與音樂家互相啟發的合作方式,讓原本即善長影像經營的Sergio
Leone,與精於音樂詮釋的Ennio Morricone,在影音結合上更臻完美.
以<狂沙十萬里>為例,幾乎所有的音樂主題與配樂構思,都在電影開拍前與拍攝過程中完成,Sergio
Leone表示能在電影開拍前,即擁有合適的音樂是一件很好的事,也讓電影的拍攝和情感的詮釋更形完整順利,其中唯一碰到的困難,是當中反派角色Cheyenne的主題.Ennio
Morricone為<狂沙十萬里>譜寫了三個氣質互異的主題旋律,形成整部作品的音樂結構,但其中Morricone對Cheyenne的描寫,卻始終和Leone的想法有誤差,Leone覺得Morricone原來的Cheyenne主題是很好的音樂,但似乎並不吻合這個角色,最初Morricone一再向Leone強調這是由於交響編曲的原故,他向Leone保證等到音樂編曲完成後,這首作品會有完全不同的感受,而且一定能讓Leone覺得滿意.結果四個月後在錄音室裏,Leone再次聽到完整的Cheyenne主題時,他的心還是沈到了谷底,他坦白向Morricone表示,這個音樂和他四個月前聽到的根本沒有什麼不同,也不符合他對這個角色的想法,於是Morricone拉著Leone坐到鋼琴旁,他覺得必須和Leone好好談談了,因為這個主題已經修改了十五次,結果Leone還是不滿意,現在Morricone己經搞不清楚Leone倒底要什麼了,Leone問Morricone:你有沒有看過狄士尼的<小姐與流氓-Lady
And The Tramp>,Morricone回答:當然有,不過這和Cheyenne有什麼關係?Leone試著解釋道:因為Cheyenne就像那個角色”流氓-Tramp”,他是個聰敏機警的人,是個滑頭浪蕩的惡棍,但他同時也是個重友誼講義氣的人,當你描寫這樣的角色時,你不能只寫他的陰沈暴力的一面,他還有充滿熱情,驕傲與溫柔的一面啊!如此一來,Morricone頓時豁然開朗,Cheyenne的主題就直接從他手下的鋼琴流瀉而出,Leone當場興奮的說:對了!就是像這樣的音樂!於是,Cheyenne這個知名的主題就如此誕生了.Cheyenne的主題最具代表性的一段曲目是Farewell
To Cheyenne,一段旋律討喜,帶了點滑頭與吊兒郎當的口哨主題,這個口哨主題與鏢客系列大異其趣,是旋律俏皮,輕鬆悠遊的作品,乍聽之下並不像所謂的反派人物,它所呈現的正是Chyeyenne一角討人喜愛,機敏狡黠的一面,但同時,這個主題在The
First Tavern中卻極為陰沈黑暗,充滿惡意與殺意,顯然在經過十五次修改後,Ennio Morricone己經成功的掌握住Chyeyenne一角的人格特質與複雜性了.
另一個知名的主題旋律是Man With A Harmonica,這是一個屬於復仇者的主題,劇中這名隨身攜帶口琴的角色是個身份不明,無名無姓的流浪客,他有著神祕的復仇意圖,但最初沒有人知道他來自何方,所為為何,隨身吹奏的口琴成為他的特徵,也成為他的代名詞,這個主題其實是在電影拍攝過程中臨時起意的,Morricone成功的將音樂由搭配陪襯的地位轉變成角色的象徵,而且口琴的運用手法蒼涼蕭瑟,神秘詭譎,相當獨到.除了Man
With A Harmonica這段著名的音樂外,Death Rattle也是這個口琴主題的變奏,音色幽暗森然,迴繞著冰冷陰寒的不安情緒,讓人不由顫慄.As
Judgment,The Second Tavern,The Man等段落雖不是以口琴表現,但音樂中仍透露著這個主題黑暗深沈的氣息與悲亢不安的旋律性,戲劇效果與情緒張力仍然極高.
而第三個主題旋律是絕美的Love Theme,也是本片最受歡迎的主題作品Once
Upon A Time In The West,這是我個人覺得Morricone寫過最優美的旋律之一,淒美絕倫的感傷與悠遠令人心碎,是美的讓人不覺落淚的經典之作,也可說是日後<四海兄弟>的雛型,由於這個主題的旋律美如此出色,因此無論用何種方式演出,那種柔美,失落,愁悵,感傷的美感都是不變的,尤其在Edda的女聲吟唱助陣下,愈發脫俗動人,是Morricone作品中不容錯失的經典曲目.
<狂沙十萬里>是Morricone最為感傷蕭瑟的一部Spaghetti
Western配樂,然而不論就旋律的美感,音樂的創意,以及戲劇性和氣氛的塑造,這部作品仍有許多地方,大大的突破了水準也稱得上很高的鏢客三部曲,雖然這並不是Morricone最後一部Spaghetti
Western,但某個方面來說,它己經為Spaghetti Western下了一個註腳與省思,Spaghetti Western電影音樂最初的英雄主義與野性狂氣,在<狂殺十萬里>中內斂昇華,達到一種新的美感與意境,也使<狂沙十萬里>成為一部新的當代經典.
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原文如下:
inkanus(a member of Epinions)
Home Turf: Chicago, IL
Personal Info: Graduate student in molecular genetics at UIC.
An epic of a grand scale (Dec 22 '00)
Pros: This movie has it all!
Cons: As in all Leone movies, dubbing of Italian actors sometimes
gets annoying
Full Review:
There is no doubt in my mind that two western movies crowned this
genre: "Wild Bunch" by Sam Peckinpah and "Once upon
a time in the West" by Sergio Leone. Both of these movies surpass
genre limits, deliver a lasting message, and offer a deep insight
into the human heart and soul.
"Once upon a time in the West" comes after Leone's and
Clint Eastwood's trilogy, sums it up, and brings it on another level.
Even though I'm a big fan of Clint Eastwood, I think that it's good
that he abstained from this movie, because his presence would bring
in an unnecessary burden of his previous roles. Charles Bronson,
even though a lower class actor compared to Eastwood, managed to
retain the veil of total mystery, crucial for the success of the
role he had to play.
The movie opens with an unforgettable scene, one of those that shows
us the real meaning of the artistry of film making. In the role
of his lifetime, Jack Elam (the guy with the funny eye), the best
known supporting actor from a plethora of western movies, resumes
the role of God by capturing an annoying fly in the barrel of his
gun, playing with it and making it buzz for him. Then, in the act
of divine grace, this brutal killer releases the fly with an angelic
expression on his face. The opening scene is a story on its own,
and another director would make an entire movie out of it. With
just two short sentences exchanged in more than ten minutes, this
scene uncovers one of the major layers of the movie -- the decline
and self-destruction of the strong individuals who ruled the "wild"
West and the slow, but inevitable takeover by the civilization of
businessman and the little people.
The purpose of my review is not to uncover the major plot, but it
would be rather empty if I don't reflect on some of the characters
and their meaning (at least in my interpretation) aside from the
story. Like, in "The good, the bad, and the ugly", there
are three major male characters in the movie who could be categorized
as such. But the level of categorization is a different one this
time. The man with harmonica (Charles Bronson) looks like an avenging
angel -- a man with no visible human emotions, with no past but
one childhood memory -- who came down to Earth with one task --
to smite the Devil, represented by Frank (Henry Fonda). Bronson
will do whatever it takes to deliver this justice, even if it includes
killing, putting others in danger, and even saving the life of his
arch enemy just for the purpose of killing him later. Other people
don't understand this kind of "justice" and, therefore,
Harmonica is depicted as an antisocial person, almost unable to
strike a meaningful conversation with anyone but his enemy and his
ally Cheyenne (Jason Robards).
On the other side of this trio stands Frank, the "helping hand"
of a railroad tycoon, Morton, the personification of the "cleaner"
-- someone disposable used by businessmen to do their dirty work.
But, Frank dreams of rising above his role. He wants to become a
businessman himself. Alas, he can't because, in his words, he is
"just a man", and, according to Harmonica, "it's
an ancient race".
The most earthly character is Cheyenne, and thus he is the one to
pick up all the sympathies of the audience. In essence, he is driven
by certain moral values, except when, in his own words, "there
are thousands of small, golden, shiny reasons" to set them
aside. Robards gave the performance of his life in this movie, and
it's beyond my comprehension why he wasn't even nominated for an
Oscar for it. His every gesture, facial expression, and sentence
strike the spectator directly in the heart. The essence of his dualistic
nature radiates from him, but it is maybe best depicted in a scene
where he says with an innocent smile: "I would never kill a
child. To kill a child is like to kill a priest.". Then, with
a grin, he adds: "Catholic, I mean...".
The other characters perfectly fit the story and the global scope
of the movie, and everyone is exceptional. Every scene is a little
masterpiece, every sentence is carefully weighed and said with a
deeper purpose and meaning. To underscore everything, Ennio Morricone
made one of the best musical scores in the history of film art.
I highly recommend this movie to anyone, even those among you who
hate western genre in general. Some artists, like Leone, just surpass
any genre and deliver great works of art no matter what they touch
with their magic wand.
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